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Peg Solitaire (1697) — The Day a Game With No Inventor Became the Math of Proving "Unsolvable"
On a cross-shaped board of pegs, you jump one peg over its neighbor and remove it, again and again, hoping to end with a single peg left. The earliest record of Peg Solitaire appears in 1697, in the French court periodical Mercure Galant under Louis XIV. No inventor is known. The popular legend that a prisoner in the Bastille devised it traces back no further than an English book from 1801, and puzzle historian John Beasley calls it unsupported by any earlier French source. In 1912 Ernest Bergholt found an 18-move solution to the classic problem; in 1982 Winning Ways for Your Mathematical Plays introduced the "pagoda function," a tool for proving certain positions mathematically unreachable. In 2007 the board resurfaced as puzzles inside Professor Layton and the Diabolical Box. This piece traces a single ruleset that has been played for over three centuries without ever needing a named inventor.
O'Neill et al.: A Board Where Nothing Makes You Keep Your Word — Fukai Reads
A paper from UC Berkeley introducing C2C, a four-player conquest game built to measure negotiation and betrayal. On a board with no mechanism at all to enforce agreements, language models and humans played over 1,100 games — and humans turned out to make far fewer promises than the AI agents did.
Lara Croft GO (2015) — A Board Where Distilled Memory Still Moves
In 2015, Square Enix Montreal followed Hitman GO with a second Go-series title, Lara Croft GO. Its method was to distill only the idealized feeling of an old game, remembered rather than replayed, onto a board of nodes and lines — a method that swept critical honors even as the studio itself was shut down in 2022. Because the game shipped as offline, server-independent software, it outlived the company that made it. This piece traces that method, and where it ended up.
Hitman GO (2014) — The Year an Assassin Became a Board-Game Piece
In 2014, after its console Hitman project collapsed, Square Enix Montreal shipped Hitman GO, a turn-based puzzle played across a board of nodes and lines. Born from paper prototypes, this "distilling" design method spawned Lara Croft GO (2015) and Deus Ex GO (2016), and eventually reached Steam. This piece traces the lineage of a method that turned a AAA brand into a board-game piece.
Feng et al.: Can LLM Agents Bargain Well in a Trading Game? — Fukai Reads
A Tsinghua University team's benchmark, SidConArena, for evaluating LLM agents in a cooperative-yet-competitive trading game. Built on the board game Sidereal Confluence, it scores agents across negotiation, production, and sealed-bid auction phases, finding that frontier models are stronger but still misprice resources, bargain passively, and plan poorly over long horizons.
Li et al.: AutoBG, an AI that supports board game design end-to-end from ideation to finish — Fukai Reads
A paper (arXiv preprint) by Zizhen Li et al. on AutoBG, a board game design assistant that covers the whole workflow—ideation, rulebook generation, and individualized feedback—via Verifier-Gated Iteration that splits the generator from the critic; the critic, BG-Critic, is reported to outperform GPT-5.4 on diagnostic quality.
